Telautograph



(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. GRAY.

TELAUTOGRAPH.

No. 461,470. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' E. GRAY.

TELAUTOGRAPH- N0. 461,470. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-8heet 3.

E. GRAY. TELAUTOGRAPH.

No. 461,470. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

my @2155 In (No Model.)- 6 SheetsSheet 4.

E. GRAY.

TELAUTOGRAPH. No. 461,470. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

r? as f 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

E. GRAY. TELAUI'OGRAPH.

No. 461,470. #Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

I successively UNITED STATES I PATENT Orrl'cr.

ELIS HA GRAY, OF HIGHLAND PARK, ILLINOIS.

TELAUTOGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 461,470, dated October20, 1891.

Application filed June 13, 1889. Serial No. 314,151. (No model.)

To all whmn it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ELISHA GRAY,a citizen of the United States, residingat Highland Park, county of Lake and State of Illinois,- have inventedcertain new and useful Improvemen ts in Tel-autographs, fully describedand represented in the following specificalion and the accompanyingdrawings, form,- ing a part of the same. 7

This invention relates to a writing-telegraph of that class in which theact of writing the message at the sending-station, operates to reproduceit at the receiving-station, and it is in the main an improvement uponthe apparatus and organization described in my former patents, Nos.386,814- and 386,815, dated July 31, 1888.

The object of my present improvements is to secure greater speed intransmission and greater accuracy in reproducing the characterstransmit-ted than have heretofore been possible.

In order that the detailed description of the apparatus and itsorganization hereinafter given may be more readily apprehended a briefstatement of the general features of my present improvements will firstbe given.

It is a well-known fact that pulsations of successively oppositepolarity can be sent over a line-wire with greater rapidity andcertainty of effect than pulsations ofsuccessively like polarity. In mysystem as heretofore patented by me the pulsations used to operate thereceiving-pen were pulsations of the latter sort. It is a feature ofimportance in my present improvements that pulsations of oppositepolarity are employed. The movement of the transmitting-pen in either oftwo directions, preferably at nearly right angles to each other,produces a succession of these pulsations in two electric circuits, thenumber of pulsations in the respective circuits being determined bythedistance which the pen is moved in the respective directions and thespeed of succession of the pulsations varying with the rapidityofmovement of the transmi ting-pen. In my present system these pulsationsdo not directly operate the motors which move the receivingpen as do thepulsations sent to line in the system of my prior patents. I now proposeto produce a constant strain upon the apparareproducing motion of thetus which drives the receiving-pen, this strain originating in a motoror revolving shaft op erated independently as regards its source ofpower of the transmitting-instrument, and I propose to govern theapplication of this power to the driving of the receiving-pen by meansof an escapement operated by the pul sations above referred to. Thuseach pulsation sent over line will permit the receivingpen to advanceaspace corresponding to onehalf a tooth of the escapement-wheel, and aseach pulsation represents a certaindefinite space traversed by thetransmitting-pen and each tooth of the governing escapement-wheel of thereceiver represents a certain definite space over which thereceiving-pen is driven, the movements of the transmitting-pen will bereproduced with almost absolute accuracy by the receiving-pen.

The devices above referred to provide for transmitting-pen in twodirections crosswise of each other. The additional devices for reversingthe direction of movement of the receiving-pen upon the reversal of thedirection of movement of the transmitting-pen consist of a reversingmechanism between the motor or revolving driving-shaft and each ofthetwo devices which drive the receiving pen in directions crosswise ofeach other and of an organization adapted to electrically control thismechanism from the transmitting-station. One form of this (shown in thedrawings) consists of two re-. versely-beveled the revolvingmotor-driven shaft, one or the other of which may be locked to theshaft, and so caused to transmit motion to the pen by means of anelectro-magnetic clutch. Two of these clutches are provided for each ofthe two reversing-gear mechanisms, one for each beveled battery isdirected through the one or the other of them by means of a commutatorcontrolled by escapement-pallets attached to the armature of anelectro-magnet. This electromagnet, like the other devices which, havejust been described, is duplicated for the two branches of the system,and one is placed in each of the two main circuits and is so organizedas not to respond to the ordinary strength of current on line, but onlyto pulsations of reversing-gear mechanism gear-wheels mounted upongear-wheel,and the current of alocal extraordinary strength. Provisionis made for making temporary. change or variation in the condition ofthe current, as by sending a stronger pulsation over each circuit ateach reversal in the direction of movement of the transmitting-pencorresponding to that circuit for the purpose of operating thecommutator-magnet and thereby changing the action of the reversing-gearmechanism; and my present invention consists in part of apparatusspecially designed for this purpose.

A feature of special importance in this organization is theelectromagnetic clutch, so constructed as to permit slip between themotor or the revolving shaft and the apparatus driving the receiving-penwhen the escapementpallet-s are held by their magnet, but which hassufficient strength to drive the receiving-pen when unrestrained by theescapement.

My improvements also include devices and an organization of circuits forsecuring unison between the transmitting and receiving pens, andimproved apparatus and organizations for raising and lowering thereceivingpen to correspond with like movements of the,

transmitting-pen and for shifting the paper.

Othernovel features in organization and detail of construction will behereinafter described in detail and specifically referred to 'in theclaims.

The improvements thus briefly outlined will now be described at length,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 isa plan view of the transmitter and receiver. Fig. 2 is a verticalsection through the table on line 2 2 of Fig.1, (relaymagnets P P andthe motor, however, being shown out of their proper position.) Fig. 3isan end view of the paper-shifting magnet, showing the drum-cylinder andconnected parts. Figs. 4 and 5 are views on an enlarged scale of theinterrupters and connected parts. Figs. 6 and 7 are plan and side viewsofthe unison and paper-shifting switch. Figs. 8, 9, and 10 represent onan enlarged scale an improved pen-rack. Fig. 1 l is a sectionalelevation taken on about the line 11 1-1 of Fig.

1, the point of view being in the foreground of the latter figure. Fig.11 is aside and rear view of the magnet controlling the motor-cir' cuitand connected parts. Fig. 1-2 is a side View, on an enlarged scale, ofthe'governing reversible escapement-inagnet. Fig. 13 is a plan view ofthe escapement of said magnet. Figs. 14 and 15 are respectively side andsectional elevations, on an enlarged scale, of the reversing escapementcommutator and magnet. Fig. 16 is a detail view of thecommutatorcontact-brushes bearing on the commutator. Figs. 17 and 17 arediagrams showing the circuits and circuit connections between atransmitting and a receiving instrument at opposite ends of line-wires.

In my system as now organized I prefer to place the transmitting andreceiving instruments 'in close proximity, and so arranged withreference to each other that a single sheet of paper is used for makingthe copies of messages transmitted and for recording messages received.I have therefore shown the transmitting and the receiving instrumentsassociated together in Fig. 1.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1, 4, 5, 17, and 17, the principalfeatures of the transmitter will be described. This instrument consists,primarily, of the transmitting-pen A, which is moved by the operator toform the characters or other matter to be transmitted. This pen, as Ihave stated in my former patents, may be a simple handle of convenientform, or a pen or pencil, with which a copy of the message transmittedis made, and it is therefore termed a pen but this term, wherever usedin a general sense, is to be understood as including anywriting-instrument or a simple handle of convenient form.

The pen A is connected at its tip to two cords or other flexibleconnections 63 64:, which extend horizontally crosswise of each otherand are connected to operate the two circuitchanging devices B O, termedherein interrupters, located in the two electric circuits 1) c, termedmain circuits, and so arranged that as the pen A is moved in thedirection of the cord (33 and interrupter B, or in the oppositedirection, pulsations are produced in the circuit 1) in quicksuccession, varying in number with the linear extent of movement of thepen A and varying in speed of succession with the rapidity of suchmovement,

while, as the pen is moved in the direction of the cord 64 andinterrupter O, or in the opposite direction, in forming the characters,pulsations are produced in circuit 0 inthe same manner. In. my formertelautograph patents the interrupters are so placed with reference tothe transmitting-pen that the connecting-cords 63 Gal extend indirections approximately parallel and perpendicular to the line ofcharacters traced by the transmitting-pen. In my present organization,however, I place the interrupter-s in such positions that the cords willhave a diagonal location about midway between lines perpendicular to andparallel with the line of writing. By this organization the stepscausing the perpendicular and horizontal movements of the.

pen, which are the movements naturally made most rapidly in writing, aredivided between the two halves of themachine,thus enabling a muchgreater speed to be attained without increasing the working capacity ofeither circuit. This organization also makes possible a greater degreeof compactness in the apparatus, and thereby the use of one strip ofp'a-- per for the transmitting and receiving instruments at the same endof line.

The function of theinterruptersin my present transmitting-instrument isnot only to cause pulsations in the main-line circuits, but to causethose pulsations to be of successively opposite polarity. That this maybe effected,

each main circuit is provided with two batteries, one at thetransmitting and one at the receiving end, so placed in line as to beopposed to each other in polarity, the one at the transmitting end beingof about treble the strength of the other. The larger batteries in thetwo circuits are designated (see Figs. 17 and 17) respectively Z and Z,and the smaller batteries respect-ively'z and z. The interrupter is soarranged as to shunt the larger battery out of line at short intervals.

The two interrupters B C and their auxil= iaries and circuit connectionsare exact duplicates, and a description of one of them therefore appliesto both.

Each of the cords 63 64 is connected to and wound upona small drum 65,(see Figs. 1, 4, and 5,) fixed upon one of its sides to a shaft 66. Tothe other. side of the drum is attached a bracket 67. The outer end ofthis bracket rests upon a pivot 68, and the upper end of the'shaft 66 isin contact with a pivot 69. The drum is thus mounted so as to revolvebetween the pivots 68 69. To the shaft 66 is attached a spring 70, whichis wound upon the shaft and tends to revolve the drum in the directionopposite to the pull of the pen upon the cords 63 64. Pivoted betweenthe lower face of the drum and the bracket 67 and in line with the shaft66 is another shaft 71, to which is attachedan arm 7 2, which carriesthe revolving brush 73. The movement of the arm 72 upon its shaft '71 islimited between-stops 74 75, fixed to the drum, (see Fig. 5,) one ofwhich (75, as shown) is preferably adjustable. The face of the disk overwhich the brush 73 sweeps is provided with a series of channels or cutslocated in proximity and containing pieces of insulating materiel 76,the width of each channel or cut being preferably about the same as thatof the adjacent exposed metal surfacebetween it and the next channel.Each main-line circuit divides before reaching the interrupter, (seeFig. 17,) one branch passing through the battery Z or Zat thetransmitting end of line and to earth, the other branch connecting withthe metal disk of the interrupter. The brush 73 has apermanentconnectiontoearth. When, therefore, the brush is in contactwith the metal surface of the disk, the battery Z or Z will be cut outand the battery .e or; 2 at the re ceiving end of the line will alone bein circuit. When, however, the brush 73 rests upon a portion-oftheinsulatinginaterial, the branch through the interrupter will bebroken and both batteries Z or Z and z or ,2" will be in circuit, theirpolarity being, as before stated, opposed to each other. In thiscondition the current of the smaller battery will be overcome and thepolarity of the current 011 line determined bythe large battery. Thestrength of the larger batteries is preferably made about treble that ofthe smaller batteries, so that the effective current on line is the same(except in polarity) when both batteries are in circuit, as when thesmaller battery alone controllers.

is in circuit, and the e fiect on the receivinginstrument will be inboth cases the same. The revolution of the brush over the face of thedisk will thus cause upon line a succession of pulsations of oppositepolarity and substantially equal effective strength, the number andrapidity of these pulsations being determined by the extent and rapidityof the movement of the brush. The mounting of the brush with referenceto the drum gives the brush an independent motion, the amount of thismotion being adjustable by means of the adjustable stop 75. It resultsthat in practice whenever the motion of the pen re; verses the rotationof the drum the brush will not begin to move in a reverse directionuntil the drum has so moved a distance corresponding to the amount ofindependent motion of the arm 72 between the stops 74 75. The object ofthis independent or lost motion of the brush will be stated hereinafter.

The transmitting-instrument is provided with two devices, one for eachcircuit, which I term increase current-controllers, each of which actsautomatically and momentarily to increase the amount of current passingover its main line whenever the movement of the transmitting-pen isreversed with reference to that line. Each increase-controller consistsof two electro magnets or spools D E and D E, (see Figs. 1 and 17,)provided with lugs 79 80 and armatures 81 82. These lugs are of softiron and are in contact with the core passing through the helix of eachmagnet and extend out to the periphery f the same. Each armature istrunnioned in the usual manner and extends from one f the lugs 79 80 tothe other in close proximity to but not in actual contact with them. Thearmatures are provided with the usual springs and front and backcontact-points, which regulate their strokes to and from theirrespective magnets. The two magnets of each pair D E and D E are mountedin line with each other, with sufficient space between them for a thirdarmature 83 83, respectively, common to them both, and provided withlimiting contact-screws 84 85. This armature is without a spring and isattracted alternately by the two spools. Each of theincrease-controllers is provided with a local circuit cl and a localbattery g. (See Fig. 17.) Both of these circuits are shown in detailinFig. 17; but as they are precisely alike the description will beconfined to the circuit (Z of increasecontroller D E. In circuit cl iscircuit making and breaking arm 86, frictionallymounted upon thedrum-shaft 66 of the interrupter B, (see Fig. 4,) and having a limitedmotion between contact-stops S7 88. From arm 86 the circuit passes bywires 61 and Z. to a contact point 19 and circuit-breaking arm 15, (thepurpose of which will be hereinafter stated,) thence by wires Z and d tobattery 9 and armature 83. 'It will be'noted that the wires ll of bothincrease- From armature 83 the circuit are common to the circuits hastwo branches, one designated by d, including the coil of magnet D andconnecting with the stop 87, and the other designated by 61'', includingthe coil of magnet E and connecting with stop .88. The branch wirefconnects the stop 84 on one side of the armature 83 with the wire d ata point beyond the magnet D, forming a shunt around the same, and a wiref in a similar manner forms a shunt around the magnet E to the wire 01".Each of the circuits 1) a normally includes a resistance R; but a shuntaround the resistance is provided for the circuit 1), when either of thearmatures 81 or 82 is on its front stop, and a like shunt is providedfor the circuit 0 when either of the corresponding armatures ofincrease-controller D E is on its front stop, as shown by theconnections in Fig. 17.

When the motion of the pen is reversed and it is caused to move in thedirection of the arrow on Fig l7that is, from the interrupter B-the arm86 will, at the moment of reversal, come into contact with the stop 87,which will close the circuit (1 through the magnet D, the armature 81will be attracted to its front stop, and at the same time the commonarmature 83 will be attracted against the stop 84. As soon as armature83 strikes stop 84 the magnet D will be demagnetized because of theshunt, closed through wire f, and the armature 81 will fall back to itsback point, while the armature 83, having no spring and being held byresidual magnetism, will remain in its position until the next reversalof the pen motion causes the arm 86 to rock against the point 88, whenthe magnet E will he charged, drawing back the armature 83, and, in amanner similar to thatjust described, momentarily attracting itsarmature 82. It will thus be seen that the armatures 81 82 rest normallyon their back points, and only momentarily touch the front points firstone and then the other-at the moment the writing is reversed. The effectof the momentary advance of the armature 81 or 82 is to close the shuntbefore referred to, around the resistance R in the main line, thuscausing a j strong impulse to momentarily pass through the line, thisstrong impulse effecting a reversal in the writing at the receiving endin a manner hereinafter described.

The operation of the transmitter as thus far described is as follows:The operator takes the pen A in his hand and forms the characters inproper sequence in the usual manner, moving the pen up and down and fromleft to right, the same as in ordinary writing. As the pen makes thedownstrokes in forming the characters the cords 63 64 will be unwoundfrom the drums of the interrupters and moving the brush 73 over the disk8.), and causing a succession of pulsations of opposite polarity overthe circuits 1) c in quick succession, the number and rapidity of thepulsations being determined bythe extent of movement and speed of thepen. As the pen rotating the drum and its shaft makes the upstrokes thesprings will rewind cords 63 64 and move the brushes 73 in the reversedirection, causing pulsations upon the two main circuits in the samemanner. So long as the movement of the pen recedes from either of theinterrupters, as B, the shaft 66 will continue to revolve in onedirection and the arm 86 will be held against the stop 87, and thepulsations 0n the line will pass through the resistance R. As soon,however,

, as the movement of the pen is reversed-i. 0.,

changed from a motion from the interrupter B to a motion of approach tothe interrupterthe movement of the shaft 66 will be reversed and the arm86 will be caused to rest against the contact 88, thereby momentarilyenergizing magnet E, drawing up armature 82, and sending astrongpulsation over the line b, and this strong pulsation will be sent overline b as often as reversal in the direction of movement of the pen withreference to the interrupter B occurs. The same succession of operations occurs in connection with the circuit 0', interrupter O,increase-controller D E, and connected parts upon each reversal of thedirection of movement of the transmitting-pen with reference to theinterrupter O.

The purpose of the independent or lost motion in the arm 72 and brush73, heretofore described, is to allow the reversal of the receivingmechanism to be made while the brush is standing still, whether on ametal or insulating segment of the disk. To accomplish this the strokeof the arms 86 ismade as short as possible,(say the two-hundredth of aninch,) while the play of the brush 7 3 between its stops is made atritlelonger. This provision for lost motion in the brush 73 is notabsolutely essential for perfect writing; but prevents possible loss ofsteps at the receiving end when the writing is done at a high rate ofspeed, and is therefore a preferred construction.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1, 2, l1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,and 17, the principal features of the receiver will be described.

The receiving-penG is a writing-instrument of anysuitable formforrecording the message; The term pen therefore, as applied to thisinstrument, is to be understood as including any form ofwriting-instrument. In the case shown a fountain-pen is employed, whichis composed of a tube of glass of very fine or capillary bore, havingits end formed into a writingpoint. This pen is supplied by a piece offlexible rubber tubing which runs through the tubular pen-arm 21 andconnects by means of a preferably flexible capillary tube 92 with theink-well 91, as described in my former patents. The pen-arms 21 and 22are made of light metal tubing, hinged at the point 23 immediatelyoverthe point of the pen. Each of the arms 21 22 is provided with a cord 93,attached to the arm at each end and having a turn about a drum 94.Motion is given to the receiving-pen by the revolution of these drums9t, and this revolution-is effected in correspondence with the movementsof the transmitting-pen by means of a of the interrupter upon the sameside ofthe instrument. This organization causes the transmitting andreceiving pens to swing in arcs having the same radii, and consequentlyto that extent insures an exact reproduction by the receiving-pen of themovementvof the transmittingpen. It will be observed that this advantageis in part secured by the transfer of the circuit-changingarm 86 to theshaftof the interrupter from a position between the interrupter and thetransmitting-pen.

The revolution of the drums to move the receiving-pen is effected in mypresent organization by a power derived from a motor 95, (see Fig. 11,)and the application of the power of the motor to th pen-drums iscontrolled by a reversible escapement governed by the pulsations sentover the line, as above gear-wheel.

described. The motor may be of any suitable construction, the form whichI prefer and which is shown in this application being an electric motor.The shaft 96 of this motor is geared to two distinct shafts, (althoughthere may be but one, if preferred,) one on each side of thereceiving-instrument and one for each of the pen-drums 9 1. As the twoshafts with theirconnected parts are identical in construction,but oneset thereof is described and shown in fullto wit, that upon theleft-hand side of the machine as it appears in Fig. 1. The followingdescription may therefore be understood as applicable to both of thesesets of de vices.

The shaft 30 (see Fig. 11) is trunnioned between screws 31 32 throughthe hubs of the two bevel gear-wheels 28 29. Fastened to each of thegear-wheels 28 and 29, one for each wheel, are the softiron disks 33 3%.Fast on the shaft 30 and .on either side of the wheels 28 29 are twoclutchmagnetsXY, (the corresponding clutch-magnets on the right-handside of the receiver being designated in Fig. 17 by the letters X Y,respectively,) which are fastened to and revolve with the shaft 30. Theshaft 30 is preferably of brass, the cores of the clutch-mag.

nets being made of soft iron and bored out of such size as to allow theshafts to'slip'into the hole and fit tightly therein. The head of eachmagnet-spool at the end nearest the bevel gear-wheel is made of hardrubber and also the outer shell or covering is of soft iron,

as is the head of the spool farthest from said The end of this shellnext to the gear-wheel, and also the end of the core, proj ect forward ashort distance beyond the head and. passes loosely and come into contactwith the iron dis k fastened to the wheel. There isth usformed'africtional clutch between the shaft and the gearwheel, which maybe electro-magnetically controlled from the transmitting-station, ashereinafter described. \Vhile this clutch may be constructed and usedhaving the magnetizable metallic surfaces in actual contact, I find itpreferable, in order to prevent sticking or demagnetization, to face themagnetizable surface with a layer of non-magnetic substance, asparchment. For convenience, I term such a clutch as thisi. 6., one inwhich operativeness depends upon friction controlled by magneticattraction-an electro-magnetic frictional clutch. Both of these magnetsX Y, with their connected parts, are exactly alike. Meshing with the twobevel gear-wheels 28 29 is a third bevel gear-wheel 27, mounted upon atrunnioned shaft 98, which carries the-receiving-drum 9% and anescapement-wheel 26. The pallets 105 of this escapement-wheel (see Fig.13) are preferably made adjustable to and from each other, and areattached to the armature 99 of a magnet H, (the correspond.- ing magneton the other side of the instrument being designated 11.) This magnet isa polarized relay constructed on the principle of the wellknown Siemensrelay, with the exception that the polari-zingcoil K (the correspondingcoil on the other side of the instrument being designated K) is anelectro-magnet and not a permanent magnet, for a purpose hereinafterstated. The soft-iron core 101 of the magnet K is extended npward,andupon it is trunnioned the-arm 99. The other end of the core is connectedby soft-iron connecting-pieces 102 1 03 and bracket 104 withthesoft-iron cores of the spools of magnet H. The'angles of the faces ofthe escapementpallets 105, and also those on the faces of theescape-Wheel teeth, are preferably made the same, so that theescape-wheel will be reversible and operate in either direction withequal facility upon the reversal of the strain which tends to move it.

The two wheels28 and 29 are each provided withalost-motion spring 106107, (see Fig. 11,) which serves to give the wheels a normal tendency torevolve in the same direction in which they are propelled by the, motor,and keep them, consequently, always in drivingcontact with the cogs ofthe wheel .27.. The use of these springs is made possible because of thefact that the wheels 28 29 are preferabl-y made of such asize that theyneed never be moved continuously in one direction for more than onerevolution, a complete, rotation of either-of these wheels correspondingto the extreme range of movement of the receiving-pen in its field, andbecause of the further fact that the gear-wheel 27 so connects thewheels 28 29 that that one of these two wheels which is not clutched tothe motor-shaft is driven backward by the one which is operating thereceiving-pen through the agency of wheel 27. It results that, each ofIIO the two wheels 28 29 revolves to and fro upon the sli'aft 30, firstin one direction and then in the other, and always within the limit of asingle revolution, and that consequently the lost-motion springs willremain permanently in their proper relation to the hubs upon which theyare wound. It is not essential to the operation of my system that therange of the movement of the wheels 28 29 should be restricted to asingle rotation; but it is a preferred construction, for the reason thatpins 205 may be placed upon these wheels, adapted to come in contactwith fixed stops 206 at the extreme limits of motion of thereceivingpen, whereby maintaining unison between the transmitting andreceiving instruments is aided, as hereinafter stated.

The direction of rotation given to the drum 94, and consequently thedirection of move ment given to the receiving-pen thereby, will bedetermined by the existence of magnetism in the coils of one or theother of the two clutch-magnets X Y. The mechanism for determining whichone of these coils receives a current Will next be described.

Situated in the main lines, one for each line b c, are two magnets J J,(see Figs. 1, 11, 14, and 15,) of ordinary construction. Magnet J, whichalone need be described in detail, has an armature 108, trunnioned inthe ordinary way and carrying upon its end pallets 109, similar to thepallets 105 already described, which engage with an escape-wheel110, theteeth of which are like those of wheel 26 above described, mounted upona hub 111, which may be of insulating material loosely mounted upon theshaft 30. To the hub 111 are fixed two'commutator-disks 112 113, (seeFigs. 11, 14, and 15,) which disks are insulated from each other by theinsulating material of hub 111,01 otherwise, and from the shaft 30, asshown in Figs. 14 and 15, each of these commutator-disks consisting of ametal disk having a rim set with sections of insulating materialalternating with metallicsections in metallic connection with the disk.Attached to the armature-lever 108 are two springs 38 39, which ridelightly upon the coinmutator-disks, Outside of each commutatordisk andupon shaft 30 are two contact-collars 114 115, made of insulatingmaterial. One of these collars115 is rigidly attached to the shaft andthe other 114 is feathered upon it, so as to rotate with it, but to beadjustable lengthwise of the shaft. These collars carry springs 42 (seeFigs. 11 and 16) upon their faces, which bear continuously against themetal portion of the two commutator-disks and serve two purposes: first,to furnish a means of electrical communication with the commutatordisks,and, second, to cause the properamount of friction between the rotatingcommutators and escapementwheel and their bearings upon the shaft tocause the commutators to move with the shaft when permitted by theescapement. A lock-nut 116 is provided behind the collar 114, by the useof which the collar may be set backward or forward upon the shaft tosecure the proper degree of friction between the shaft and thecommutators. The commutator-springs 38 39 are so adjusted that one ofthem rests upon a metallic section of one commutator-disk, while theother rests upon an insulating section of the other commutator-disk.Both of these springs are insulated from the armature 108. A circuit h,passing through a local battery 2', connects with the shaft 20, withwhich there is in electrical contact one end of the coil of clutchmagnetX, the other end of the coil of this magnet being connected throughinsulated wire a with the contact spring on collar 114. One end of thecoil of clutch-magnet Y is also in electrical contact with the shaft 30and the other end of this coil connects by means of wire q passingthrough the center of shaft 30 and insulated therefrom with thecontact-springs on collar 115. (See Fig. 11.) It'will be understood thatthe circuits of the clutch-magnets maybe madein the manner indicated orin any other convenient way. It results that when the spring 38 is incontact with a metallic segment of its commutatordisk, clutch-magnet Yis in circuit with the local battery 1, the clutch-magnet X being cutout of circuit, and that when spring 39 rests upon a metallic segment ofits commutatordisk clutch-magnet X is in circuit with the local battery2', clutch-magnet Y being then cut out.

The operation of the mechanism thus far described will now be stated.The motorshaft 96, being continually in rotation while a message isbeing received, gives constant rotation to theshafts 30. When one or theother of the clutch-magnets X Y is energized, the end of its core andshell lying in contact with the disk 83 or 34 becomes magnetic andcauses the disk to adhere to it with greater or less force, according tothe strength of the local battery. Under such circumstances the attachedbevel gear-wheel 28 or 29 is given a tendency to revolve in the samedirection as the shaft and will communicate that tendency to theescape-wheel 26 and drum 94. This tendency to revolve will, however, bechecked when the line-current is on by the escapement-pallets 105engaging with the teeth of the escape-wheel 26, except when the armature99, carrying the pallets, oscillates. The pulsations ofsuccessivelyopposite polarity sent to line from the transmitter cause changes ofmagnetic polarity in the poleswithin the two coils of magnet H, causingthe armature 99 to be drawn first to one side and then to the other,giving an oscillating motion to the pallets, and permitting theescape-wheel 26 torevolve step by stepone step for each pulsationin thedirection in which the constant strain of the motor impels it. Thestrength of the battery used to charge the clutch-magnets X Y is soregulated that when the pallets are at rest with a line-current on theclutch-magnet will spring 39 onto rotate against the disk 33 or 34 witha friction not great enough to overcome the resistance ofiered by thepallets, but yet suffi ment to carry the pen-drum with its attachment,when released by the pallets 105, in whichever direction the particularclutchmagnet which is energized may determine. \Vhen a reversal occursin the direction of motion of the transmitting-pen a strong pulsation issent to line through the agency of the increase-controller in the mannerabove described, and this pulsation affects the magnet J, which is soorganized that it does not respond to the ordinary pulsations. Thearmature 108 of this magnet is attracted and the commutator-disks 112113 are permitted to advance by the space of one tooth of theescapement-wheel 110. That one of'the springs 38 39 which prior to thisstrong pulsation was in contact with a metallic segment, is now incontact with an insulating'segment and vice versa; audit follows thatthe circuit of the local battery 2' has been broken through that one ofthe magnets X Y which was previously in circuit and closed through thatone which was previously out of circuit. A tendency to rotate in areverse direction will therefore be imparted to the shaft 98 and drum 94and its pen-carrying arm 21, and this direction of motion will continueuntil another strong impulse is sent over the line.

On referring to Figs. 17 and 17 it will be seen that when thetransmitting-pen is moving in the direction indicated by arrow numbered2, and the motor 95 at the receiving end is causing the shaft 30 torevolve in a direction which when-observed from the righthand end isopposite to the movement of the hands of a watch, the two instrumentsbeing in unison, the spring 39 will be in contact with a metallicsegment of its commutatordisk, closing the circuit of battery 71 throughclutch-magnet X and revolving the drum SA on the left-hand side of theinstrument in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 17 Upon reversal theoperation of the increase-controller D E upon the magnet J throws aninsulating'segment and sprlng 38 onto a metallic segment, cutting inmagnet Y and cutting out magnet X and causing the drum 94- on theleft-hand side of the receiving-instrument to rotate in the directionopposite to that indicated by the arrow in Fig. 17. The main circuit 1)being also provided with a polarized relay H K similar to the relay H Kand connections such as above described, the eifect of the ordinarypulsations and the occasionally strong pulsations over that line uponthe pen-carrying arm 22 operated from the other pen-driving drum 94 isthe same as that which has been just above described with reference topencarrying arm 21.

The purpose of attaching the springs 38 39 to the armature 108 will nowbe stated. Itis desirable that the change ofthe clutch-circnit from oneclutch to the other should be made in the quickest possible time afterthe pulsation of increased strength has been sent to line from thetransmitter. The length of the stroke of the armature 108 is so adjustedand thesprings 38 39 are so mounted upon it with reference to themetallic and insulating segments of the com mutator-disk upon whichcondition to continue until the next reversal occurs, and increasedspeed of writing is thus Secured.

It has now been explained how the movement of the transmitting-pen in adirection to or from either of the interrupters B G will cause thereceiving-pen to move in the same direction,the movement of the latterpen being made up of a series of short steps. It is apparen that, aswith the system described in my former patents, any movement of thetransmitting-pen in a direction intermediate between these twodirections will cause the receiving-pen to move in a correspondingdirection; but with a movement made up of a number of steps taken atright angles to or crosswise of each other, the relative number of stepsin each direction depending upon the obliquity of the movement of thetransmittingpen, the receivingpen is thus caused to substantially followany movement of the transmitting-pen, and thus reproduce a substantialfac-simile of whatever is written or traced by the latter. The use ofthe escapement accurately defines the length of each step of thereceiving-instrument, and, in connection with the equality in radialdistance between the pens and the pivotal points of the cords and armsat the transmitting and.

receiving stations, respectively, which I now secure, insures thesubstantially accurate reproduction at the receivingstation of thewriting of the sender.

The mechanism for causing the receiving- ,pen to be raised and loweredin accordance with the position of the transmitt ng-pen will now bedescribed.

A temporary circuit-breaker consisting of two magn et-spools M N,constructed in a manner and having connections in all respects similarto those above described, constituting the increase-controllers D E andD E, is provided as a part of the transmitting-instrumen t. Thetransmitting-pen in writing rests upon a platen 117, (see Fig. 2,) whichin turn rests upon a spring-supported plate 118, which in its normalposition rests against a contactpoint 120, but when depressed by thepressure of the transmitting-pen in writing swings on a pivot and meetscontact-point 119. (See Figs. 2 and 17.) A circuit m connects thesupport 118 with local battery it and armature 121, placed between thetwo coils M N of the temporary circuit-break er. Thence the circuitdivides and returns on the one side through wires m and the coil ofmagnet M to stop 120, and on the other side through wires m and the coilof magnet N to stop 119. The armature 121 vibrates between contact-stops122 and 123, and a shunt-wire 0 connects stop 122 with the wire m aroundthe coil of magnet M, and a shunt 0 connects stop 123 with wire m aroundthe coil N. Main line b,-after leaving the increase-controller D E,passes through the armature 1.26 of coil M and its contact-stop 125.Main line 0, after leaving the increase-controller D E, passes throughcontact-stop 127 and armature 126 of magnet N. The weight of thetransmitting-pen in writing a message depresses the support 118 againstcontact 119, closes the circuit m m" through the magnet N, and attractsthe armature 126,causing a break in main-line circuit 0. This break isonly momentary, since the armature 121 is simultaneously attracted tothe magnet N and the shunt around the coils of this magnet through Wire0 is closed. The armature 126 returns to its back stop 127 and themain-line circuit 0 is again closed. When the transmitting-pen is raisedfrom the paper, support 118 rises, the circuit m m is closed throughcoil M, and the main-line circuit 1) is momentarily broken in likemanner; The effect of these breaks at the receiving end of the line willpresently be stated. First, however, the devices for raising andlowering the I receiving-pen will be described.

The receiving-pen is raised and lowered by means of two magnets ST,placed preferably one above the other, and a local battery 1 (See Figs.2 and 17.) The armature 129, which carries the pen-rest 130, is locatedbetween the two magnets S T and is operated upon by both of them. Thisarmature is held in such position as it is left by the attraction of oneor the other of the magnets by means of friction-springs 43, the spring131 serving merely to balance the weight of the pen-rest and armature.The circuit of magnet S passes through wires 3, coils v ofpaper-shifting magnet V, a section of local battery y, armature 133 of arelay P in the main-line circuit b, and its back-stop 13st. The circuitof magnet T passes through wires 15, (some of these wires, being commonto circuits t and s, are marked with both letters, and other localcircuits having wires in common are lettered in the drawings in the samemanner,-) coils a) of paper-shifting magnet V, thence by wire 8 to localbattery y, thence by wires 25 to a mature 132 of a relay P in main-linecircuit 0, its back-stop 128, and wire 25 to magnet T. The momentarybreak in the main circuit 0 caused by the pressure of thetransmittingpen upon the writing-platen 117 and the consequent operationof the temporary circuitbreaker M N by reason of the energization ofextend outward beyond the contour multaneously close these coil N causesthe relay P at the receiving end to release its armature, which fallsupon its back point and closes the circuit through wirestandpeu-loweringmagnet'l,causing the armature 12.) and the pen-rest13(),carried by it, to be depressed and the pen G to desce nd to its writingposition n pon the paper. The ar mature will be held in this position bythe friction-springs 13, and the pen will continue upon the paper untilthe sender raises the transmitting-pen and removes the pressure from theplaten 117. The support 118 will then rise, closing the circuit of coilM of temporary circuit-breaker W N through wires on m and making atemporary break in the main-line circuit 1). This temporary breakresults in releasing the armature of the re lay 1 at the receiving end,which falls upon its back-stop 134 and closes the circuit of magnet Sthrough wires 8 and a section of battery y. The'armature 129 andpen-rest 130 are now raised, lifting the pen G from the paper, and theseparts remain in this position through. the pressure of springs 43 untilthe transmitting-pen is again placed upon the papen \Vhile theseoperations are in progress the paper-shifting magnet V is inactive,although both the circuits .9 t pass through certain of its coils. Thisinactivity results from the fact that the magnetVis of the peculiarconstruction known as a consequent pole-magnet. It is made up f twosoft-iron rods of any convenientlength 135 136, (see Figs. 2 and 3,) andupon the ends of these rods are wound helices of the usual construction,spaces being left at the centers of thetwo rods between the helices ofsufficicnt width to receive an ordinary armature. At these pointsit isconvenient to place pole-pieces 137 138, which of the coils in suchposition as to conveniently act upon an armature 139, trunnioued in theordinary manner. The soft-iron rods 135 136 are united at their ends bysoft-iron heelpieces 151 152, ring of iron. When only one of the twosets of coils o c are in circuit, the magnetic circuit of the magnet Vis closed through the heel-iron opposite to the excited coils, and nomagnetism of consequence is'developed in the points 137 138. It-resultsthat when either of the circuits 3 t are separately closed suflicieiitmagnetism is not developed in magnet V to cause it to attract itsarmature. VVhen,however, both of these sets of coils c o aresimultaneously energized by a current flowing in opposite directions,polarity. will be, developed in the points 137 138 and the armature 139will be attracted. The connections of circuits s t are such that thecurrent ofbattery y flows through the two sets of coils r v in oppositedirections when these circuits are closed, so that it is only necessary,in order to cause the magnet V to become active, to Sttwo localcircuits. The armature 139 has a play limited by stops so that there isa continuous 140 141, depending from the frame-work of the table, andcarries a toe 142, which serves as the trigger of an escapementcontrolling the revolution of the paper-drum 143. The paper passes fromthe drum 143 over the transmitting-platen 117 and the receivingplaten144 and then down, friction-rollers 145 being preferably provided tofacilitate its movement and is given a forward tendency by the weightedclip 195 or an equivalent tension device. The escapement controlling thepaper-drum consists of a cog-gearing 146, attached to the drum ordrum-shaft meshing with a small pinion 147, the shaft 196 of which isprovided with two arms 148 149, the ends of these arms revolving in theplane of the toe 142.

of the arms 148 149, and thus'preveut the unwinding of the paper; butthe temporary action of the magnet V upon its armature 139 withdraws thetoe 142 and permits the paperdrum to revolve until the pinion 147 hasmadea half-revolution. The arm carried upon the opposite side of thepinion then comes in contact with the toe 142, which has meanwhilereturned to its normal position. This escapement is so adjusted thatthis amount of rotation of drum 143 is sufficient to move the paper adistance equal to the space properly left between two lines of writing.The means provided at the transmitter for causing the simultaneousclosing of the two local circuits 5 t at the receiving end consists oftwo circuit makers and breakan arm 160,which is drawn forward by aspring 161 until it rests against a stop-162, in which position thenotch 163 formed in its outer end is just below an opening 164 in theplate 156, so that it can be readily reached by the part of thetransmitting-pen just above the nib. The main circuit 1), after leavingthe temporary circuit-breaker M N, passes to spring 153, contact 158,andthence to therecciving-instrument. Main circuit 0, after leaving thetemporary circuit-breaker M-N, passes to spring 154, contact 159, andthence to the receivinginstru'ment. It results that when thetransmitting operator, having comp eted a line, de-

sires to shift the paper he has only to carry his pen to the upperleft-hand corner of its field and cause its nib to enter the slot 164and press against the arm 160, operating the circuit-breaking springs153 154 and making a simultaneous break in both themain-line circuits bc. The two main-line relays P Pat the receiving-station simultaneouslydrop back, their armatures and circuits 8 t are closed,

both sets of coils 'v o are energized, and mag:

\Vhen the toe 142 is in its normal .position, it will arrest therevolution of one there is a want of net V attracts itsarmature,releasing the paper-drum escapement and permitting the paper tofeed. This operation does not disturb the position of the receiving-pen,which is now resting upon the pen-rest 130, forthe reason that both themagnets simultaneously energized, will balance each other in theireffect upon the armature 129, and the pen-rest will not be moved.

It is obvious that to enable the receivinginstrument to reproducecharacters traced by the transmitting-pen the direction of motion of thereceiving-pen must accord with that of the transmitting-pen, and tosecure an exact reproduction it is necessary that the length of thecords connecting the transmitting-pen with the hing'ing-point's on theinterrupterdrums should be exactly equal to the lengths of thecorresponding pen-arms of the receiving-instrument; or, in other Words,in order to secure perfect resultsitis necessary to start the twoinstruments in unison and keep them in that relative condition. I havedevised a mechanism for bringing the transmitting andreceiving-instruments into unison when they are not so, and will nowdescribe it and its operation.

Armature 139 of the paper-shifting magnetcontrols three local circuitswhich have not yet been noticed. One of these circuits it (see Figs. 11and 17) izing-coils K K of the governing escapementmagnets, localbattery it, back-stop 165, and armature 139. Another circuit 00'includes the coils of magnet J. local battery 2, a brush 166, which Iterm a unison -brush,. and which bears upon com mutator-disk 112,contact-spring 39, armature 139, contact-spring 167, and stop 168. Alikecircuit (see Fig. 17) 00 includes unison-brush 16 6 and other partsexactly similar to those above described connected with magnet J,armature 139, spring 170, carried by armature ,139, and stop 171.

hen the transmitting-pen carried against the switch-arm 160, the theircontacts and brea b c, which causes the paper-shifter armature to moveto its forward stop, as heretofore stated. As the armature 139 leavesits backstop the circuit-u is broken, which depolarizes the escapementpolarizing-magnets H H. No action now takes place except to shift thepaper unless the receiving-instrument is out of unison with thetransmitting-instrument. The unison-brush 166 is so placed that in casethere is a want of unison in the reverssprings 153 154 leave ing-clutchorganization of the left-hand side of the receiver it will be in contactwith one of the metallic segments of the commutator upon which it bears,causing a current to flow from battery z through the circuit 00' andcoils of magnet J. This operates'the reversing-escapement' 110 one stepand brings the unison-brush again upon an insulating-segincludes the twopolar K both the main lines S and T, being I ment of the commutator,which should be its position at the shifting of the paper. In caseunison in the reversingclutch organization of the right-hand side of thereceiver it will be corrected in a similar mannerthroughcircuita;,brush166,magnet J, and the connected parts. The circuits ofboth the polarizing-magnets K K beingnow broken and the main-linecircuits being also both broken, and the clutch-m agnets of both halvesof the system being so set as to carry the receiving-pen toward theupper left-hand corner of the field, it will be seen that the twogoverning-escapements, having nothing to retard them, the receiving-pen,it behind the transmitting pen, will be permitted to run withouthinderan cc to the left-hand upper corner of its field, where it will bestopped by pins properly placed upon gear-wheels 28 29, said pins beingarranged to come in contact with fixed stops. If prior to the shiftingof the paper the receiving pen was in advance of the the writing of thenext line proceeds.

transmitting-pen, it will have been checked by these stops and thetransmitting-pen will have overtaken it at the paper-shifting switch.Complete provision is therefore made for securing unison betweea the twopens.

After the paper has been shifted and the transmitting and receivinginstruments have been brought to unison, the transmitting-pen iswithdrawn from the switch-lever 160 and The effect of the withdrawal ofthe pen is, of course, to reverse thepositions of thecircuit making andbreaking arms 86, closing the circuits d of the increase-controllers D Eand D E. If, however, these circuits are closed while the main-linecircuits .are still open, no increased pulsation will be sent to lineand the receiving-instrument will not be reversed. To provide againstsuch an occurrence a circuit making and breaking arm 15 is provided,rigidly fixed to the shaft 155 and playing between contact-points 18 19,(see Figs. 1, 6, 7, and 17,) and the circuit (1 of both theincreasecontrollers D E and D E is caused to pass through the, arm 15,contact-point 19, and wires 1 Z, connected therewith, as heretoforestated. Consequently neither of these circuits can be completed whilethe lever 15 is out of contact with the stop 19. Arm 15 is so placed onshaft 155 that as the transmitting-pen is drawn away from'the. lever 160and that lever returns to its position springs 153 15 1 strike theirrespective contact-points and close the main circuits b 0 before the arm15 reaches its contact 19. The circuits (1 therefore cannot be closeduntil after the closing of main-line circuits 1) 0, even if arms 86 areactuated while the main -line circuits are still open. As soon as thearm 15 reaches its stop 19, which will be immediately after the closingof the main circuits Z) a, both increasecontrollers will simultaneouslyoperate to send a strong impulse through both main lines, causing areversal to take place in both the reversing-escapements at thereceiving end and setting the clutches inproper manner to cause thereceiving-pen to follow the motion of the transmitting-pen.

The provision for shifting the paper at the transmittinginstrumentconsists (see Fig. 17) of proper circuit connections, by means of wires1" r, from contact-points 18 and 181 and spring-extension 1S2, attachedto arm 15, to the two paper-shifting and pen-raising circuits s t at thetransmitting-station, whereby these circuits are closed by the rockingof the switch-lever 160 and arm 15 at the completion of a line ofwriting. Connections for this purpose are shown in broken lines, Fig. 2.The paper is thus simultaneously shifted at the transmitting andreceiving stations.

Provision for shifting the paperat the transmittingstation independentlyof the receiving-station is also made, and consists of a push-button 20,so placed that when depressed it electrically connects contact-stops 18and t.

181. When the operator has completed the sending of his message andplaced his pen in the rack, he presses button 20 a sufficient number oftimes to move his paper forward, so that clean paper is brought underhis receiving-pen; and by the connections just described he accomplishesthis without disturbing the connections which control the paper at thedistant station.

I will now describe an improved pen-rack for holding thetransmitting-pen when not in use, which forms a part of my presentinvention and is illustrated in Figs. 8, 9, and 10. a

This rack consists of a tube 51, supported between two posts 52 52'.tube is fixed a collar 172, to which is rigidly fixed a curvedprojecting jaw 54:, and to which is pivoted another projecting jaw 53.The jaw 53 projects into as well as out of the tube, and to its innerend is pivoted a rod 55, extending centrally through the tube 51 to oneof the posts, (52,) and carrying on its end an upright rod 173, whichextends down through and below the post 52 and carries at its lowerendablockofinsulatingmaterial57. Wrapped loosely around the rod 55 is aspiral spring 56,

of considerable strength, fastened at each end to washers 61 62, washer61 being fastened to the tube 51 and washer 62 being attached to the rod55. The insulating-block 57 has set in it two contact-springs 17 4 175,which are respectivelyconnectedtoline-wiresbandc. Fourcontact-stops 176177 178 179 are provided, with one pair of which (176 and 177) areconnected the wires in circuits be, respectively, passing to thetransmitting-instrument at the home station, and with the remaining pairof which (178 179) are attached the wires b c, passing to thereceiving-instrument at the home station. The jaws 53 54: are so shapedas to form between them a recess adapted to hold the nib of the pen andretain it in a fixed, preferably an upright, position. These jaws alsopreferably flare outward topernnit the pen to be forced between theminto the recess. The effect of introducing the pen into the recess is toswing the jaw 53 on its pivot and draw the rod 55 against the tension ofthe spring 56 to the left, causing the springs 174 175,

At the center of the ICC (see Fig. 10,) which when the pen is being usedfor transmitting rest against the contact-points 176 177, to leave thosecontactpoints and be pressed against the contactpoints 178 179, theresult being to break the connection of the line-wires with thetransmitting-instrument and place them in connection with thereceiving-instrument. The operator, when he has finished using thetransmitting-pen, will place it in the rack, and will thereby swing thesystem from the condition in which it is fitted to send messages to thatin which it is fitted to receive messages, and .the uprightposition ofthe pen in the rack will indicate at a glance that the system is set forreceiving a message, and afford a check against carelessness on the partof the operator. The function of this pen-rack is therefore the same,substantially, as that of the rack described in my former patents. Itis, however, superior to that rack in point of simplicity, and in thatitgives the pen a position immediately over the field and holds it in amore conspicuous manner and a more convenient position. \Vhen the pen istaken from the rack for the purpose of transmitting a message, theaction of the spring 56 automatically returns the contact springs 174175 to their position in contact with the contacts 170 177 and completesthe circuit for transmitting.

It will be observed that with this organization when thetransmitting-pens at both ends of the line-wire are hung up both of thestronger line-batteries Z Z will be cut out and only the two smallbatteries 5 2 will be on line, and these batteries being opposed inpolarity will neutralize each other and the condition of theline will beequivalentto that of having no battery in circuit. The main-line relays,therefore, at both ends of the line will rest on their back points. Itake advantage of this fact to control the operation ofthe motor in thefollowing manner! The motoris normally in circuit through the wire Vwith the whole of battery y, only a section of this battery beingrequired to operate the mag nets S, T, and V. Circuit \V is providedwith 'a circuit maker and breaker consisting of a spring 197 riding uponablock 198, partly Ofmetallic and partly of insulating 1naterial. Themotor-circuit has two branch circuits w to, one of which (w) includesthe armature and front stop of relay P, and the other of which (20)includes the armature and front stop of relay P.

Both of the circuits w 10 pass through an ordinary single spool-magnetL, having an armature-lever 199 trunnioned upon double pivots so as tomove toand from the magnet and also sidewise in either direction, asshown in Fig. 11. Themagnet L and its armature 199 are so placed withreference to one of the shafts 30 that a pin 200, fixed to the outer endof the armature, will engage when the armature is released by its magnetwith a screw 201, carried by the shaft. The armature 199 is drawn'backfrom its magnet by a spring 202 in the ordinary manner, and is alsoprovided with a side stop 203, against which it is normally held by aspring 204, this spring 20 putting a strain upon the armature-lever 199in a direction opposite to the direction in which it is carried by theengagement of the screw 201 with the pin 200. The contact-spring 197 isattached to the armature 199 and rides upon the metallic portion of theblock 198-when the armature 199 is against the side stop 203, and thewidth of this metallic portion of the block 198 is such that the spring197 will continue to rest upon it as it is moved away from the stop 203during the time occupied by a number of revolutions of the shaft 30.

The resistance of the magnet L is made such with reference to that ofthe motor that it will take sufficient current when the motor is incircuit to energize it and cause it to attract its armature. \Vhentherefore either of the relays P or P is energized and its armaturerests upon its front contact, the magnet L will be energized, thepin 200on its armature will be held out of engagement with the screw 201, andthe spring '204-will hold it in contact with the stop 203, the spring197 will rest upon the metallic portion of .the block 198, and thecircuit of the motor will be closed. If, however, both of the relays P Pare de-energized and both of the circuits to w in consequence thereofare broken,the magnet L will release its armature, pin 200 will engagewith screw 201 and be carried away from the stop 203 against the tensionof the spring 20$ as the shaft 30 rotates, so that if the break in thetwo main-line circuits continues long enough the spring 197 will becarried out of contact with the metallic portion of the block 198,andthe motor-circuit will be broken, causing the motor to stop. Itresults that when there is an effective current on either of the mainlines I) c the circuit of the batteryy will be closed through the motor;but when there is an effective current inneither main-line circuit themotor-circuit will be broken andthe motor will stop after a fewrevolutions of the shaft 80. The spring 197 is so adjusted withreference to the metallic portion of the block 198 that the circuit ofthe motor will not be brokenin bringing the transmitting and receivingpens to unison under ordinary circumstances, or, in

other words, unison will be reached before the spring 199 is carried offfrom the metal portion of the block 198.

It follows from thisconstruction that when the transmitting-pen isplaced in the rack the relays of the distant receiver will both bedeenergized and the motor at this distant station will be brought torest after a fewrrevolutions of its shaft 30, and that whenbothtransmitting-pens are placed in their racks, there being no effectivecurrent on line, both motors will come to rest. If now one of thetransmittingpens is taken from its rack, it

up. ting operator nary and short-hand writing;

will cut outthe relays at the transmitting end through the agency of thepen-rack switch, and at the same time by throwing the current upon themain line it will close the relays at the distant end and start up themotor, which will remain in operation until the message is completed andthe pen again hung This organization gives the transmitthe full controlof the motor, as well as of all of the rest of the machinery at thereceiving end.

Modifications may be made in most of the details of the system and stillit will contain my invention. A few of the more general modificationswhich may be made will be referred to.

\Vhile I prefer to operate the governing reversible escapement-magnet bypulsations of successively opposite polarity, I do not confine myself toa system in which such pulsations are used. I have secured good resultsby merely making and breaking the line-circuit, as in the systemdescribedin my former patents, these impulses of like polarity operatinga governing-escapement magnet.

It is not essential that two linebatteries of unequal strength beemployed, as the alternately positive and negative pulsations may besent from the transmitting station by means of a pole-changer operatedand'controlled by the interrupters or in any other suitable manner.

While I prefer an electric motor as a source of power for driving thereceiving-pen, in that it is more readily controlled from thetransmitting-station than other forms of prime motors,I do notlimitmyself to the use of such a motor, but may employ in its stead anyconvenient type of mechanical motor or a shaft rotated from anyappropriate source of power. Under the term motor I intend to includeany and every device from which power may be derived.

It is to be understood that in this applica-' patents, the terms tion,as in my former character, writing, and message, as herein used, includeany matter, such as pietures, maps, drawings, diagrams, and arbitrarycharacters of all kinds, as Well as ordialso, that the term paperincludes any surface suit-able for writing or from which any writing orprinting is to be traced. If in addition to transmitting messages inwriting it should be desired to capacitate the mechanism to transmit andreproduce diagrams, maps, and pictures, all that is necessary is toallow the transmitting and receiving pens to have the necessary range ofmovement in each direction. I I

In some cases it may be preferred to write the message in the form of asingle line extending along the length of a narrow ribbon of paper, assuggested in my former patents, and in such cases it will onlybeneccssary to aprange the mechanism for shifting the'paper in thedirection of a line of writing instead of in a direction perpendicularthereto.

The receiving-pen may in some cases consist of a simple pencil or tracerand the inksupplying' apparatus be dispensed with.

The closing and breaking of the local circuits for lowering and raisingthe receivingpen may be effected by a special key instead of by thetransmitting-pen or by a circuitcloser arranged and operated in anysuitable manner.

The paper, instead of being shifted by a weight controlled by anescapement, may be shifted in any other desired manner, as by separatecircuits for this purpose, or the.

means for shifting the paper or raising the pen, or both, may be omittedSeparate line-wires may be employed for operating the reversing-clutchesinstead of using an increased current for that purpose; or other changesin the current besides an increase thereof may be resorted to for thispurpose.

Also, as stated in my prior Letters Patent, the movements necessary toreproduce the message, instead of beingimparted to the receiving-pen,may be wholly or in part imparted to the paper. It is therefore to beunderstood that Whenever the movement of the receiving-pen is referredto as forming the characters that also includes the equivalent movementof the paper, and that for the purposes of this specification arecording-surface movable for the purpose of forming characters is theequivalent of a movable pen.

If preferred, two motors may be used for operatingthe receiving-pen,governed by pulsations transmitted over the two circuits, respectively.

No particular form of interrupter is essential in my invention. I intendto include under that term every device by means of which electricpulsations, whether successively of the same or opposite polarity, maybe rapidly produced in the circuit.

I do not confine myself to the particular form of reversing mechanismshown herein,

meaning to include under that term all forms of mechanism adapted forthe purpose. So, too,I mean to include under the term gear or train ofgearing all forms of suitable mechanism adapted to continuously transmitpower.

I contemplate the use of each of the several foregoing improvementsseparately, as well as in conjunction with each other. Thus, forinstance, I intend to protect herein the feature of my invention whichconsists in employing pulsations of successively opposite polarity,whether those pulsations energize the motor-magnets of the receiving-pendirectly, as in the organization shown in my said former patents, orwhether they operate the receiving-pen by restraining or regulating theforce which moves it, as in the organization shown. herein meaning toinclude both cesses hereinbefore described, as they are.

claimed in my other 318,09land 324,232.

. I do not limit myself in any of myclaims to the same construction ofapparatus as that herein shown and described; but under the terms means,mechanism, and similar expressions I intend to include all other deviceswhatsoever capable of being substituted for the structures or elementsthereof claimed.

Having thus described my invention, what applications, Serial Nos.

I claim isl. The combination, with a transmittingpen, of an electriccircuit, an interrupter operated through said pen and producingpulsations in said circuit, a receiving-pen, a motor giving movement tothe receiving-pen and caused to operate thereon through said pulsations,a reversing mechanism between the motor and the receiving-pen, wherebythe direction of movement of the latter may be reversed,magnetically-controlled clutches controlling the reversing mechanism, acurrentcontroller at the transmittingstation for causing a temporarychange in the line-current upon each reversal ofthe direction of motionof the transmitting-pen, and circuit connections whereby such temporarychange in the line-current operates upon the magneticallycontrolledclutches to cause the direction of movement of the receiving-pen to bereversed, substantially as set fort 2. The combination, with atransmittingpen, of an electric circuit, an interrupter operated throughsaid pen and producing pulsations in said circuit, a receiving-pen, amotor giving movement to the receiving-pen and controlled in'theapplication of its power to the receiving-pen by said pulsations,reversing mechanism between the motor and the receiving-pen, whereby thedirection of movement of the latter may be reversed,magnetically-controlled clutches controlling the reversing mechanism, amagnet in line-current controlling the clutches, and a currentcontrollerat the transmitting-station forsending to line currents of increasedstrength upon each reversal of the direction of motion of thetransmitting-pen, and thereby operating the last-named magnet 'tocontrol the action of the clutches and cause the direction of movementof the receiving-pen to be reversed, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with a transmit-tingpen, of an electric circuit, aninterrupter operated through said pen and producing pulsations in saidcircuit, a receiving-pen, a motor giving movement to the receiving-penand controlled in the application of its power to the receiving-pen bysaid pulsations, a reversing mechanism between the motor and governed inthe application the receiving-pen,whereby the direction of the movementof the latter may be reversed, cl [itch-magnets connected with thereversing mechanism and provided with electric connections, a commutatoror other suitable circuit-controller for controlling the energization ofthe clutch-magnets, a magnet controlling the position of the commutatoror other circuit-controller, and means for electrically controlling thelast-named magnet from the transmitting-station, and thereby operatingthe reversing mechanism atthe receivingstation upon a change of thedirection of motion of the transmitting-pen,substantially as set forth.

4. The combination-of a transmitting-pen, an electric circuit, aninterrupter operated through said pen and producing pulsations insaidcircuit, a receiving-pen, a motor for moving the receiving-pen andcaused to operate thereon through said pulsations, a train of gearingconnecting the motor with the receiving-pen, a part of said trainconsisting of a magnetically-controlled clutch, and electricalconnections With the transmitting-station controlling said'clutch,substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a transmitting-pen, an electric circuit, aninterrupter operated through said pen and producing pulsations in saidcircuit, a receiving-pen, a motor for moving the receiving-pen andcaused to operate thereon through said pulsations, a train of gearingconnecting the motor with the receiving-pen,'a reversing mechanismconstituting a part of said train of gearing, and electrical connectionswith the transmitting-station controlling the reversing mechanism,substantially as set forthrv 6. The combination of a transmitting-pen,an electric circuit, an interrupter operated through said pen andproducing pulsations in said circuit, a receiving-pen, a motor for mov-,ing the receiving-pen and caused to operate thereon through saidpulsations, a train of gearing connecting the motor with thereceiving-pen, two electrically-controlled clutches constitutingparts'of said train of gearin and electrical connections with thetransmitting-station, whereby one or the other of said clutches isbrought into operation according to the direction of motionrequiredto begiven to the receiving-pen, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, in a telautograph systern, of a receiving-pen, amotor for giving movement to the same, a reversible escapementcontrolled from the transmitting-station, whereby the application of thepower of the motor tothe receiving-pen is governed, reversing mechanismbetween the motor and the escapement, consisting of two re'verselyactinggear-wheels provided with portions capable of magnetic attraction,and-two magnets rotated by. the motor, the magnetic portions of thegear-wheels acting as armatures for the two magnets, respectively, andelec- IIO trical connections controlled from the transmitting-station,whereby one or the other of these magnets may be energized at the willof the transmitting operator to grip its gearwheel, substantially as setforth.

8. The combination of a motor, a telautographic receiving-pen, anescapement for governing the application of the power of the motor tothe telautographic receiving-pen, an electro-magnetic frictional clutchconstituting a part of the train of gear between the motor and theescapement, and electrical connections for operating the clutch, asrequired, to cause the motor to operate the telautographicreceiving-pen, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of a motor, a driven mechanism, an escapement forgoverning the application of the power of the motor to the drivenmechanism, a power-transmitting device intermediate between the motorand the escapement, consisting in part of a magnetically-controlledfrictional clutch, one part of said clutch being moved by the motor andthe other intermediate between the motor and the escapement, andelectrical connections whereby the magnetizable portions of said clutchmay be excited in a determinate degree, whereby power is transmitted bythe friction of its surfaces sufficient to drive the driven mechanism,but insufficient to overcome the restraining action of the escapement,substantially as set forth.

10. The combination, with a transmittingpen, of an electric circuit, aninterrupter operated through said pen for producing pulsations in thecircuit, a receiving-pen, a motor giving movement ,to the receiving-penand governed in the application of its power to the receiving-penthrough said pulsations, an electrically-controlled frictional clutchconstitutin g a part of the train of gear between the motor and thereceiving-pen, one of the parts of said clutch being moved by .themotor, and electrical connections operated from thetransmitting-station, whereby the magnetization of the excitableportions of the clutch, and consequently the transmission of powertherethrough, is controlled by the transmitting operator, substantiallyas set forth.

11. The combination, with a transmitting-'- pen, of an electric circuit,an interrupter operated through said pen and producing pulsations insaid circuit, a receiving-pen, a motor for giving movement thereto, anscapement controlling the application of the power of the motor to thereceiving-pen and in turn controlled by said pulsations, a 'train ofgearing connecting the motor with the receivingpen and having as a partthereof two electromagnetic frictional clutches, together constituting areversing mechanism, and electric connections with the transmittingstation, whereby one or the other of said clutches is energized as oneor the other direction of motion of the receiving-pen is desired, thedegree of energization of the clutches being such that power istransmitted through the frictional contact of their surfacessuflicientto drive the receiving-pen, but insufficient to overcome the restrainingaction of the escapement, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination, with a transmittingpen, of an electric circuit, aninterrupter operated through said pen for producing pulsations in thecircuit, a receiving-pen, a motor for giving movement to thereceiving-pen and governed in the application of its power to thereceiving-pen through said pulsations, a reversing mechanism situatedbetween the motor and the receiving-pen,consisting in part of twoelectro-niagnetic frictional clutches, electrical connections, and acommutator or other suitable circuit-controller whereby one or the otherof the said clutches may be operated, a magnet controlling the positionof the commutator or other circuit-controller, and electricalconnections with the transmittingstation, whereby the transmittingoperator may operate the last-named magnet, an d thereby control thedirection of motion transmitted from the motor to the receiving-pen,substantially as set forth.

13. The combination of a commutator-disk, an escapement by which theposition of the disk is controlled, a magnet controlling the escapementthrough its armature and contact, a spring through which an electriccurrent passes to the commutator, said spring be ing attached to thearmature of the escapement-magnet, whereby the change of currentcontrolled by the commutator is effected immediately upon the movementof the armature, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

14. The combination, in atela-utograph system, of a transmitting-pen, aline-circuit, a receiving-pen, a motor for giving motion to thereceiving-pen, an interrupter operated through the transmitting-pen forsending pulsations over the circuit, whereby the application ofthe'power of the motor to the receiving-pen is governed, a reversingmechanism between the motor andthe receiving-pen,two magnets andelectrical connections for controlling said reversing mechanism, acommutator whereby one or the other'of said magnets is caused to beenergized according to the direction of rotation desired, a magnetgoverning said commutator, a unison-brush bearing upon the commutatorand forming a part of a local circuit which includes the com 1mutator-magnet, and electrical connections having a circuit maker andbreaker at the transmitting-station, whereby the transmitting operatorcan close the unison-circuit, and thereby operate the commutator-magnetif the two pens are out of unison as to direction of motion,substantially as set forth.

15. In atelautograph system, the combination, with a receiving-pen, of arecordingsurface, a feeding mechanism for shifting therecording-surface, an electro-magnet controlling said feeding mechanism,a motor for

